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Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education

Gujranwala

Annual Examination 2025

Physics

Class XII (Second Year) — Chapters 5 & 6

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Paper Code: PHY-XII-2025 Total Marks: 68

Name:  

Roll No:  

Centre:  

General Instructions for Candidates

  1. Read all questions carefully before attempting the paper.
  2. Section A (MCQs) is compulsory. Attempt all 12 questions. Each carries 1 mark.
  3. Section B (Short Questions): Contains three parts with 6 questions each. Attempt any FIVE (5) from each part. Each carries 2 marks.
  4. Section C (Long Questions): Contains 5 questions. Attempt any THREE (3). Each has part (a) Numerical [5 marks] and part (b) Descriptive [3 marks].
  5. Use of scientific calculator is allowed. Mobile phones are strictly prohibited.
  6. No extra time will be given for any section. Manage your time wisely.

Section

Type

Total Questions

To Attempt

Marks Each

Total Marks

A

Multiple Choice Questions

12

12

1

12

B

Short Answer Questions (3 Parts)

6 × 3 = 18

5 × 3 = 15

2

30

C

Long / Extensive Questions (a + b)

5

3

5 + 3 = 8

24

Grand Total:

66


Section A — Multiple Choice Questions

All questions are compulsory. Tick () the correct option. 12 × 1 = 12 Marks

Tick () the correct answer.

1. The region of stress-strain curve which obeys Hooke's law is:

(a) proportional limit

(b) elastic region

(c) plastic region

(d) yield limit

2. Which of the following is more elastic?

(a) Rubber

(b) Wood

(c) Sponge

(d) Steel

3. Which of the following is polymer acid?

(a) Wool

(b) Glass

(c) Sodium chloride

(d) Copper

4. The effect of decrease of pressure with the increase in speed of a fluid in horizontal pipe is:

(a) Torricelli's effect

(b) Bernoulli's effect

(c) Venturi's effect

(d) Doppler's effect

5. The pressure will be low when speed of a fluid is:

(a) zero

(b) high

(c) low

(d) constant

6. The principle of floatation is a direct application of:

(a) Pascal's law

(b) Bernoulli's principle

(c) Archimedes' principle

(d) Newton's third law

7. In an isothermal change, internal energy:

(a) decreases

(b) increases

(c) remains the same

(d) becomes zero

8. First law of thermodynamics is based upon law of conservation of:

(a) mass

(b) energy

(c) momentum

(d) charge

9. When the system is expanded by adding heat energy, the work done will be:

(a) positive and on the system

(b) negative and on the system

(c) positive and by the system

(d) negative and by the system

10. What happens to internal energy of an object when its temperature increases?

(a) decreases

(b) remains constant

(c) increases

(d) fluctuates

11. In medical field, a ventura mask, used to deliver a known oxygen concentration to patients operates is based on:

(a) Newton's third law

(b) Archimedes' principle

(c) Pascal's law

(d) Bernoulli's principle

12. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a superfluid?

(a) Zero viscosity

(b) Infinite density

(c) Zero temperature

(d) Infinite thermal conductivity


Section B — Short Answer Questions

Part I — Solids and Fluid Dynamics (Chapter 5)

Attempt any FIVE (5) questions from this part. 5 × 2 = 10 Marks

Q.1 What is meant by (i) cohesive force (ii) viscosity?

Q.2 Differentiate between streamline and turbulent flow of a fluid.

Q.3 How does pressure change with depth in fluids?

Q.4 How is the flow rate related to the cross-sectional area and velocity of the fluid?

Q.5 How does an object float or sink according to Archimedes' Principle?

Q.6 Differentiate between stress, strain and Young's modulus. Write down their SI units.


Part II — Heat and Thermodynamics (Chapter 6)

Attempt any FIVE (5) questions from this part. 5 × 2 = 10 Marks

Q.7 What is meant by internal energy? How is it related to temperature of an ideal gas?

Q.8 State 2nd law of thermodynamics in two different forms.

Q.9 Is it possible to construct a heat engine of 100% efficiency? Explain.

Q.10 Differentiate between reversible and irreversible processes.

Q.11 Why is adiabat steeper than isotherm? Explain.

Q.12 What is meant by thermal equilibrium? Explain briefly.


Part III — Comprehensive / Conceptual Questions

Attempt any FIVE (5) questions from this part. 5 × 2 = 10 Marks

Q.13 The ratio stress/strain remains constant for small deformation. What will be the effect on this ratio when the deformation made is very large?

Q.14 When pure water falls on a flat glass plate, it spreads on the plate while the mercury, which falls on the same plate gets converted into small globules. Why?

Q.15 According to Bernoulli's theorem, the pressure of a fluid should remain uniform in a pipe of uniform radius. But actually, it goes on decreasing. Why is it so?

Q.16 Why wings of an aeroplane are rounded outward while flattened inward?

Q.17 Explain how thermodynamics applies to biological systems, such as human body.

Q.18 A refrigerator transforms heat from cold to hot body. Does this violate the second law of thermodynamics? Justify your answer.


Section C — Extensive / Long Questions

Attempt any THREE (3) out of five. Each has part (a) Numerical & part (b) Descriptive. 3 × 8 = 24 Marks

Note: Part (a) is Numerical [5 Marks]  |  Part (b) is Descriptive/Theoretical [3 Marks]

Q.1

(a) A steel wire of length 2 metres and cross-sectional area of 2 × 10−6 m² is stretched by a force of 400 N. If the Young's modulus of steel is 2 × 1011 N m−2, calculate the extension of the wire. [5]

(b) Explain in detail the classification of solids with respect to atomic arrangements. [3]

Q.2

(a) Water flows through a pipe with a diameter of 0.05 m at a velocity of 2 m s−1. If the pipe narrows to a diameter of 0.03 m, calculate the velocity of water at the narrow section. [5]

(b) What is Archimedes' principle? Explain it in detail for finding upthrust. [3]

Q.3

(a) A gas occupies 6.0 L of volume at a pressure of 12 atm. What will be the volume of gas if the pressure is increased to 2.0 atm, assuming that temperature remains constant? [5]

(b) Explain first law of thermodynamics in detail. Give an example in support of your explanation. Give its two applications. [3]

Q.4

(a) A Carnot engine is operating between a high temperature reservoir at 600 K and a low temperature reservoir at 300 K. Calculate:
    (i)  the maximum possible efficiency
    (ii) the amount of work output if the engine absorbs 500 J of heat from the high temperature reservoir.
[5]

(b) What is Carnot engine? Describe Carnot cycle. State Carnot theorem and derive an expression for efficiency of Carnot engine. [3]

Q.5

(a) A block of wood of mass 10 kg and density of 600 kg m−3 is floating in water. Calculate the buoyant force acting on the block. (Density of water = 1000 kg m−3) [5]

(b) State and derive the equation of continuity. Also give some practical applications of Bernoulli's equation. [3]

— END OF QUESTION PAPER —